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import py
import pytest
import platform, imp
import sys, os, ctypes
import cffi
from testing.udir import udir
from testing.support import *
from cffi.recompiler import recompile
from cffi.cffi_opcode import PRIMITIVE_TO_INDEX
SIZE_OF_INT = ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_int)
SIZE_OF_LONG = ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_long)
SIZE_OF_SHORT = ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_short)
SIZE_OF_PTR = ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_void_p)
SIZE_OF_WCHAR = ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_wchar)
def setup_module():
global ffi, construction_params
ffi1 = cffi.FFI()
DEFS = r"""
struct repr { short a, b, c; };
struct simple { int a; short b, c; };
struct array { int a[2]; char b[3]; };
struct recursive { int value; struct recursive *next; };
union simple_u { int a; short b, c; };
union init_u { char a; int b; };
struct four_s { int a; short b, c, d; };
union four_u { int a; short b, c, d; };
struct string { const char *name; };
struct ustring { const wchar_t *name; };
struct voidp { void *p; int *q; short *r; };
struct ab { int a, b; };
struct abc { int a, b, c; };
/* don't use A0, B0, CC0, D0 because termios.h might be included
and it has its own #defines for these names */
enum foq { cffiA0, cffiB0, cffiCC0, cffiD0 };
enum bar { A1, B1=-2, CC1, D1, E1 };
enum baz { A2=0x1000, B2=0x2000 };
enum foo2 { A3, B3, C3, D3 };
struct bar_with_e { enum foo2 e; };
enum noncont { A4, B4=42, C4 };
enum etypes {A5='!', B5='\'', C5=0x10, D5=010, E5=- 0x10, F5=-010};
typedef enum { Value0 = 0 } e_t, *pe_t;
enum e_noninj { AA3=0, BB3=0, CC3=0, DD3=0 };
enum e_prev { AA4, BB4=2, CC4=4, DD4=BB4, EE4, FF4=CC4, GG4=FF4 };
struct nesting { struct abc d, e; };
struct array2 { int a, b; int c[99]; };
struct align { char a; short b; char c; };
struct bitfield { int a:10, b:20, c:3; };
typedef enum { AA2, BB2, CC2 } foo_e_t;
typedef struct { foo_e_t f:2; } bfenum_t;
typedef struct { int a; } anon_foo_t;
typedef struct { char b, c; } anon_bar_t;
typedef struct named_foo_s { int a; } named_foo_t, *named_foo_p;
typedef struct { int a; } unnamed_foo_t, *unnamed_foo_p;
struct nonpacked { char a; int b; };
struct array0 { int len; short data[0]; };
struct array_no_length { int x; int a[]; };
struct nested_anon {
struct { int a, b; };
union { int c, d; };
};
struct nested_field_ofs_s {
struct { int a; char b; };
union { char c; };
};
union nested_anon_u {
struct { int a, b; };
union { int c, d; };
};
struct abc50 { int a, b; int c[50]; };
struct ints_and_bitfield { int a,b,c,d,e; int x:1; };
"""
DEFS_PACKED = """
struct is_packed { char a; int b; } /*here*/;
"""
if sys.platform == "win32":
DEFS = DEFS.replace('data[0]', 'data[1]') # not supported
CCODE = (DEFS + "\n#pragma pack(push,1)\n" + DEFS_PACKED +
"\n#pragma pack(pop)\n")
else:
CCODE = (DEFS +
DEFS_PACKED.replace('/*here*/', '__attribute__((packed))'))
ffi1.cdef(DEFS)
ffi1.cdef(DEFS_PACKED, packed=True)
ffi1.set_source("test_new_ffi_1", CCODE)
outputfilename = recompile(ffi1, "test_new_ffi_1", CCODE,
tmpdir=str(udir))
module = imp.load_dynamic("test_new_ffi_1", outputfilename)
ffi = module.ffi
construction_params = (ffi1, CCODE)
class TestNewFFI1:
def test_integer_ranges(self):
for (c_type, size) in [('char', 1),
('short', 2),
('short int', 2),
('', 4),
('int', 4),
('long', SIZE_OF_LONG),
('long int', SIZE_OF_LONG),
('long long', 8),
('long long int', 8),
]:
for unsigned in [None, False, True]:
c_decl = {None: '',
False: 'signed ',
True: 'unsigned '}[unsigned] + c_type
if c_decl == 'char' or c_decl == '':
continue
self._test_int_type(ffi, c_decl, size, unsigned)
def test_fixedsize_int(self):
for size in [1, 2, 4, 8]:
self._test_int_type(ffi, 'int%d_t' % (8*size), size, False)
self._test_int_type(ffi, 'uint%d_t' % (8*size), size, True)
self._test_int_type(ffi, 'intptr_t', SIZE_OF_PTR, False)
self._test_int_type(ffi, 'uintptr_t', SIZE_OF_PTR, True)
self._test_int_type(ffi, 'ptrdiff_t', SIZE_OF_PTR, False)
self._test_int_type(ffi, 'size_t', SIZE_OF_PTR, True)
self._test_int_type(ffi, 'ssize_t', SIZE_OF_PTR, False)
def _test_int_type(self, ffi, c_decl, size, unsigned):
if unsigned:
min = 0
max = (1 << (8*size)) - 1
else:
min = -(1 << (8*size-1))
max = (1 << (8*size-1)) - 1
min = int(min)
max = int(max)
p = ffi.cast(c_decl, min)
assert p == min
assert bool(p) is bool(min)
assert int(p) == min
p = ffi.cast(c_decl, max)
assert int(p) == max
p = ffi.cast(c_decl, long(max))
assert int(p) == max
q = ffi.cast(c_decl, min - 1)
assert ffi.typeof(q) is ffi.typeof(p) and int(q) == max
q = ffi.cast(c_decl, long(min - 1))
assert ffi.typeof(q) is ffi.typeof(p) and int(q) == max
assert q == p
assert int(q) == int(p)
assert hash(q) == hash(p)
c_decl_ptr = '%s *' % c_decl
py.test.raises(OverflowError, ffi.new, c_decl_ptr, min - 1)
py.test.raises(OverflowError, ffi.new, c_decl_ptr, max + 1)
py.test.raises(OverflowError, ffi.new, c_decl_ptr, long(min - 1))
py.test.raises(OverflowError, ffi.new, c_decl_ptr, long(max + 1))
assert ffi.new(c_decl_ptr, min)[0] == min
assert ffi.new(c_decl_ptr, max)[0] == max
assert ffi.new(c_decl_ptr, long(min))[0] == min
assert ffi.new(c_decl_ptr, long(max))[0] == max
def test_new_unsupported_type(self):
e = py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "int")
assert str(e.value) == "expected a pointer or array ctype, got 'int'"
def test_new_single_integer(self):
p = ffi.new("int *") # similar to ffi.new("int[1]")
assert p[0] == 0
p[0] = -123
assert p[0] == -123
p = ffi.new("int *", -42)
assert p[0] == -42
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int *' owning %d bytes>" % SIZE_OF_INT
def test_new_array_no_arg(self):
p = ffi.new("int[10]")
# the object was zero-initialized:
for i in range(10):
assert p[i] == 0
def test_array_indexing(self):
p = ffi.new("int[10]")
p[0] = 42
p[9] = 43
assert p[0] == 42
assert p[9] == 43
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[10]
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[10] = 44
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[-1]
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[-1] = 44
def test_new_array_args(self):
# this tries to be closer to C: where we say "int x[5] = {10, 20, ..}"
# then here we must enclose the items in a list
p = ffi.new("int[5]", [10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
assert p[0] == 10
assert p[1] == 20
assert p[2] == 30
assert p[3] == 40
assert p[4] == 50
p = ffi.new("int[4]", [25])
assert p[0] == 25
assert p[1] == 0 # follow C convention rather than LuaJIT's
assert p[2] == 0
assert p[3] == 0
p = ffi.new("int[4]", [ffi.cast("int", -5)])
assert p[0] == -5
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int[4]' owning %d bytes>" % (4*SIZE_OF_INT)
def test_new_array_varsize(self):
p = ffi.new("int[]", 10) # a single integer is the length
assert p[9] == 0
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[10]
#
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "int[]")
#
p = ffi.new("int[]", [-6, -7]) # a list is all the items, like C
assert p[0] == -6
assert p[1] == -7
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[2]
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int[]' owning %d bytes>" % (2*SIZE_OF_INT)
#
p = ffi.new("int[]", 0)
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[0]
py.test.raises(ValueError, ffi.new, "int[]", -1)
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int[]' owning 0 bytes>"
def test_pointer_init(self):
n = ffi.new("int *", 24)
a = ffi.new("int *[10]", [ffi.NULL, ffi.NULL, n, n, ffi.NULL])
for i in range(10):
if i not in (2, 3):
assert a[i] == ffi.NULL
assert a[2] == a[3] == n
def test_cannot_cast(self):
a = ffi.new("short int[10]")
e = py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "long int **", a)
msg = str(e.value)
assert "'short[10]'" in msg and "'long *'" in msg
def test_new_pointer_to_array(self):
a = ffi.new("int[4]", [100, 102, 104, 106])
p = ffi.new("int **", a)
assert p[0] == ffi.cast("int *", a)
assert p[0][2] == 104
p = ffi.cast("int *", a)
assert p[0] == 100
assert p[1] == 102
assert p[2] == 104
assert p[3] == 106
# keepalive: a
def test_pointer_direct(self):
p = ffi.cast("int*", 0)
assert p is not None
assert bool(p) is False
assert p == ffi.cast("int*", 0)
assert p != None
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int *' NULL>"
a = ffi.new("int[]", [123, 456])
p = ffi.cast("int*", a)
assert bool(p) is True
assert p == ffi.cast("int*", a)
assert p != ffi.cast("int*", 0)
assert p[0] == 123
assert p[1] == 456
def test_repr(self):
typerepr = "<ctype '%s'>"
p = ffi.cast("short unsigned int", 0)
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'unsigned short' 0>"
assert repr(ffi.typeof(p)) == typerepr % "unsigned short"
p = ffi.cast("unsigned short int", 0)
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'unsigned short' 0>"
assert repr(ffi.typeof(p)) == typerepr % "unsigned short"
p = ffi.cast("int*", 0)
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int *' NULL>"
assert repr(ffi.typeof(p)) == typerepr % "int *"
#
p = ffi.new("int*")
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int *' owning %d bytes>" % SIZE_OF_INT
assert repr(ffi.typeof(p)) == typerepr % "int *"
p = ffi.new("int**")
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int * *' owning %d bytes>" % SIZE_OF_PTR
assert repr(ffi.typeof(p)) == typerepr % "int * *"
p = ffi.new("int [2]")
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int[2]' owning %d bytes>" % (2*SIZE_OF_INT)
assert repr(ffi.typeof(p)) == typerepr % "int[2]"
p = ffi.new("int*[2][3]")
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int *[2][3]' owning %d bytes>" % (
6*SIZE_OF_PTR)
assert repr(ffi.typeof(p)) == typerepr % "int *[2][3]"
p = ffi.new("struct repr *")
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'struct repr *' owning %d bytes>" % (
3*SIZE_OF_SHORT)
assert repr(ffi.typeof(p)) == typerepr % "struct repr *"
#
q = ffi.cast("short", -123)
assert repr(q) == "<cdata 'short' -123>"
assert repr(ffi.typeof(q)) == typerepr % "short"
p = ffi.new("int*")
q = ffi.cast("short*", p)
assert repr(q).startswith("<cdata 'short *' 0x")
assert repr(ffi.typeof(q)) == typerepr % "short *"
p = ffi.new("int [2]")
q = ffi.cast("int*", p)
assert repr(q).startswith("<cdata 'int *' 0x")
assert repr(ffi.typeof(q)) == typerepr % "int *"
p = ffi.new("struct repr*")
q = ffi.cast("struct repr *", p)
assert repr(q).startswith("<cdata 'struct repr *' 0x")
assert repr(ffi.typeof(q)) == typerepr % "struct repr *"
prevrepr = repr(q)
q = q[0]
assert repr(q) == prevrepr.replace(' *', ' &')
assert repr(ffi.typeof(q)) == typerepr % "struct repr"
def test_new_array_of_array(self):
p = ffi.new("int[3][4]")
p[0][0] = 10
p[2][3] = 33
assert p[0][0] == 10
assert p[2][3] == 33
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[1][-1]
def test_constructor_array_of_array(self):
p = ffi.new("int[3][2]", [[10, 11], [12, 13], [14, 15]])
assert p[2][1] == 15
def test_new_array_of_pointer_1(self):
n = ffi.new("int*", 99)
p = ffi.new("int*[4]")
p[3] = n
a = p[3]
assert repr(a).startswith("<cdata 'int *' 0x")
assert a[0] == 99
def test_new_array_of_pointer_2(self):
n = ffi.new("int[1]", [99])
p = ffi.new("int*[4]")
p[3] = n
a = p[3]
assert repr(a).startswith("<cdata 'int *' 0x")
assert a[0] == 99
def test_char(self):
assert ffi.new("char*", b"\xff")[0] == b'\xff'
assert ffi.new("char*")[0] == b'\x00'
assert int(ffi.cast("char", 300)) == 300 - 256
assert not bool(ffi.cast("char", 0))
assert bool(ffi.cast("char", 1))
assert bool(ffi.cast("char", 255))
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "char*", 32)
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "char*", u+"x")
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "char*", b"foo")
#
p = ffi.new("char[]", [b'a', b'b', b'\x9c'])
assert len(p) == 3
assert p[0] == b'a'
assert p[1] == b'b'
assert p[2] == b'\x9c'
p[0] = b'\xff'
assert p[0] == b'\xff'
p = ffi.new("char[]", b"abcd")
assert len(p) == 5
assert p[4] == b'\x00' # like in C, with: char[] p = "abcd";
#
p = ffi.new("char[4]", b"ab")
assert len(p) == 4
assert [p[i] for i in range(4)] == [b'a', b'b', b'\x00', b'\x00']
p = ffi.new("char[2]", b"ab")
assert len(p) == 2
assert [p[i] for i in range(2)] == [b'a', b'b']
py.test.raises(IndexError, ffi.new, "char[2]", b"abc")
def check_wchar_t(self, ffi):
try:
ffi.cast("wchar_t", 0)
except NotImplementedError:
py.test.skip("NotImplementedError: wchar_t")
def test_wchar_t(self):
self.check_wchar_t(ffi)
assert ffi.new("wchar_t*", u+'x')[0] == u+'x'
assert ffi.new("wchar_t*", u+'\u1234')[0] == u+'\u1234'
if SIZE_OF_WCHAR > 2:
assert ffi.new("wchar_t*", u+'\U00012345')[0] == u+'\U00012345'
else:
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "wchar_t*", u+'\U00012345')
assert ffi.new("wchar_t*")[0] == u+'\x00'
assert int(ffi.cast("wchar_t", 300)) == 300
assert not bool(ffi.cast("wchar_t", 0))
assert bool(ffi.cast("wchar_t", 1))
assert bool(ffi.cast("wchar_t", 65535))
if SIZE_OF_WCHAR > 2:
assert bool(ffi.cast("wchar_t", 65536))
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "wchar_t*", 32)
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "wchar_t*", "foo")
#
p = ffi.new("wchar_t[]", [u+'a', u+'b', u+'\u1234'])
assert len(p) == 3
assert p[0] == u+'a'
assert p[1] == u+'b' and type(p[1]) is unicode
assert p[2] == u+'\u1234'
p[0] = u+'x'
assert p[0] == u+'x' and type(p[0]) is unicode
p[1] = u+'\u1357'
assert p[1] == u+'\u1357'
p = ffi.new("wchar_t[]", u+"abcd")
assert len(p) == 5
assert p[4] == u+'\x00'
p = ffi.new("wchar_t[]", u+"a\u1234b")
assert len(p) == 4
assert p[1] == u+'\u1234'
#
p = ffi.new("wchar_t[]", u+'\U00023456')
if SIZE_OF_WCHAR == 2:
assert len(p) == 3
assert p[0] == u+'\ud84d'
assert p[1] == u+'\udc56'
assert p[2] == u+'\x00'
else:
assert len(p) == 2
assert p[0] == u+'\U00023456'
assert p[1] == u+'\x00'
#
p = ffi.new("wchar_t[4]", u+"ab")
assert len(p) == 4
assert [p[i] for i in range(4)] == [u+'a', u+'b', u+'\x00', u+'\x00']
p = ffi.new("wchar_t[2]", u+"ab")
assert len(p) == 2
assert [p[i] for i in range(2)] == [u+'a', u+'b']
py.test.raises(IndexError, ffi.new, "wchar_t[2]", u+"abc")
def test_none_as_null_doesnt_work(self):
p = ffi.new("int*[1]")
assert p[0] is not None
assert p[0] != None
assert p[0] == ffi.NULL
assert repr(p[0]) == "<cdata 'int *' NULL>"
#
n = ffi.new("int*", 99)
p = ffi.new("int*[]", [n])
assert p[0][0] == 99
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
p[0] = None
p[0] = ffi.NULL
assert p[0] == ffi.NULL
def test_float(self):
p = ffi.new("float[]", [-2, -2.5])
assert p[0] == -2.0
assert p[1] == -2.5
p[1] += 17.75
assert p[1] == 15.25
#
p = ffi.new("float*", 15.75)
assert p[0] == 15.75
py.test.raises(TypeError, int, p)
py.test.raises(TypeError, float, p)
p[0] = 0.0
assert bool(p) is True
#
p = ffi.new("float*", 1.1)
f = p[0]
assert f != 1.1 # because of rounding effect
assert abs(f - 1.1) < 1E-7
#
INF = 1E200 * 1E200
assert 1E200 != INF
p[0] = 1E200
assert p[0] == INF # infinite, not enough precision
def test_struct_simple(self):
s = ffi.new("struct simple*")
assert s.a == s.b == s.c == 0
s.b = -23
assert s.b == -23
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
s.b = 32768
#
s = ffi.new("struct simple*", [-2, -3])
assert s.a == -2
assert s.b == -3
assert s.c == 0
with pytest.raises((AttributeError, TypeError)):
del s.a
assert repr(s) == "<cdata 'struct simple *' owning %d bytes>" % (
SIZE_OF_INT + 2 * SIZE_OF_SHORT)
#
py.test.raises(ValueError, ffi.new, "struct simple*", [1, 2, 3, 4])
def test_constructor_struct_from_dict(self):
s = ffi.new("struct simple*", {'b': 123, 'c': 456})
assert s.a == 0
assert s.b == 123
assert s.c == 456
py.test.raises(KeyError, ffi.new, "struct simple*", {'d': 456})
def test_struct_pointer(self):
s = ffi.new("struct simple*")
assert s[0].a == s[0].b == s[0].c == 0
s[0].b = -23
assert s[0].b == s.b == -23
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
s[0].b = -32769
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
s[1]
def test_struct_opaque(self):
py.test.raises(ffi.error, ffi.new, "struct baz*")
# should 'ffi.new("struct baz **") work? it used to, but it was
# not particularly useful...
py.test.raises(ffi.error, ffi.new, "struct baz**")
def test_pointer_to_struct(self):
s = ffi.new("struct simple *")
s.a = -42
assert s[0].a == -42
p = ffi.new("struct simple **", s)
assert p[0].a == -42
assert p[0][0].a == -42
p[0].a = -43
assert s.a == -43
assert s[0].a == -43
p[0][0].a = -44
assert s.a == -44
assert s[0].a == -44
s.a = -45
assert p[0].a == -45
assert p[0][0].a == -45
s[0].a = -46
assert p[0].a == -46
assert p[0][0].a == -46
def test_constructor_struct_of_array(self):
s = ffi.new("struct array *", [[10, 11], [b'a', b'b', b'c']])
assert s.a[1] == 11
assert s.b[2] == b'c'
s.b[1] = b'X'
assert s.b[0] == b'a'
assert s.b[1] == b'X'
assert s.b[2] == b'c'
def test_recursive_struct(self):
s = ffi.new("struct recursive*")
t = ffi.new("struct recursive*")
s.value = 123
s.next = t
t.value = 456
assert s.value == 123
assert s.next.value == 456
def test_union_simple(self):
u = ffi.new("union simple_u*")
assert u.a == u.b == u.c == 0
u.b = -23
assert u.b == -23
assert u.a != 0
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
u.b = 32768
#
u = ffi.new("union simple_u*", [-2])
assert u.a == -2
with pytest.raises((AttributeError, TypeError)):
del u.a
assert repr(u) == "<cdata 'union simple_u *' owning %d bytes>" % (
SIZE_OF_INT,)
def test_union_opaque(self):
py.test.raises(ffi.error, ffi.new, "union baz*")
# should 'ffi.new("union baz **") work? it used to, but it was
# not particularly useful...
py.test.raises(ffi.error, ffi.new, "union baz**")
def test_union_initializer(self):
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "union init_u*", b'A')
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "union init_u*", 5)
py.test.raises(ValueError, ffi.new, "union init_u*", [b'A', 5])
u = ffi.new("union init_u*", [b'A'])
assert u.a == b'A'
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "union init_u*", [1005])
u = ffi.new("union init_u*", {'b': 12345})
assert u.b == 12345
u = ffi.new("union init_u*", [])
assert u.a == b'\x00'
assert u.b == 0
def test_sizeof_type(self):
for c_type, expected_size in [
('char', 1),
('unsigned int', 4),
('char *', SIZE_OF_PTR),
('int[5]', 20),
('struct four_s', 12),
('union four_u', 4),
]:
size = ffi.sizeof(c_type)
assert size == expected_size, (size, expected_size, ctype)
def test_sizeof_cdata(self):
assert ffi.sizeof(ffi.new("short*")) == SIZE_OF_PTR
assert ffi.sizeof(ffi.cast("short", 123)) == SIZE_OF_SHORT
#
a = ffi.new("int[]", [10, 11, 12, 13, 14])
assert len(a) == 5
assert ffi.sizeof(a) == 5 * SIZE_OF_INT
def test_string_from_char_pointer(self):
x = ffi.new("char*", b"x")
assert str(x) == repr(x)
assert ffi.string(x) == b"x"
assert ffi.string(ffi.new("char*", b"\x00")) == b""
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "char*", unicode("foo"))
def test_unicode_from_wchar_pointer(self):
self.check_wchar_t(ffi)
x = ffi.new("wchar_t*", u+"x")
assert unicode(x) == unicode(repr(x))
assert ffi.string(x) == u+"x"
assert ffi.string(ffi.new("wchar_t*", u+"\x00")) == u+""
def test_string_from_char_array(self):
p = ffi.new("char[]", b"hello.")
p[5] = b'!'
assert ffi.string(p) == b"hello!"
p[6] = b'?'
assert ffi.string(p) == b"hello!?"
p[3] = b'\x00'
assert ffi.string(p) == b"hel"
assert ffi.string(p, 2) == b"he"
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[7] = b'X'
#
a = ffi.new("char[]", b"hello\x00world")
assert len(a) == 12
p = ffi.cast("char *", a)
assert ffi.string(p) == b'hello'
def test_string_from_wchar_array(self):
self.check_wchar_t(ffi)
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("wchar_t", "x")) == u+"x"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("wchar_t", u+"x")) == u+"x"
x = ffi.cast("wchar_t", "x")
assert str(x) == repr(x)
assert ffi.string(x) == u+"x"
#
p = ffi.new("wchar_t[]", u+"hello.")
p[5] = u+'!'
assert ffi.string(p) == u+"hello!"
p[6] = u+'\u04d2'
assert ffi.string(p) == u+"hello!\u04d2"
p[3] = u+'\x00'
assert ffi.string(p) == u+"hel"
assert ffi.string(p, 123) == u+"hel"
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p[7] = u+'X'
#
a = ffi.new("wchar_t[]", u+"hello\x00world")
assert len(a) == 12
p = ffi.cast("wchar_t *", a)
assert ffi.string(p) == u+'hello'
assert ffi.string(p, 123) == u+'hello'
assert ffi.string(p, 5) == u+'hello'
assert ffi.string(p, 2) == u+'he'
def test_fetch_const_char_p_field(self):
# 'const' is ignored so far, in the declaration of 'struct string'
t = ffi.new("const char[]", b"testing")
s = ffi.new("struct string*", [t])
assert type(s.name) not in (bytes, str, unicode)
assert ffi.string(s.name) == b"testing"
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
s.name = None
s.name = ffi.NULL
assert s.name == ffi.NULL
def test_fetch_const_wchar_p_field(self):
# 'const' is ignored so far
self.check_wchar_t(ffi)
t = ffi.new("const wchar_t[]", u+"testing")
s = ffi.new("struct ustring*", [t])
assert type(s.name) not in (bytes, str, unicode)
assert ffi.string(s.name) == u+"testing"
s.name = ffi.NULL
assert s.name == ffi.NULL
def test_voidp(self):
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "void*")
p = ffi.new("void **")
assert p[0] == ffi.NULL
a = ffi.new("int[]", [10, 11, 12])
p = ffi.new("void **", a)
vp = p[0]
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
vp[0]
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, "short **", a)
#
s = ffi.new("struct voidp *")
s.p = a # works
s.q = a # works
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
s.r = a # fails
b = ffi.cast("int *", a)
s.p = b # works
s.q = b # works
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
s.r = b # fails
def test_functionptr_simple(self):
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.callback, "int(*)(int)", 0)
def cb(n):
return n + 1
cb.__qualname__ = 'cb'
p = ffi.callback("int(*)(int)", cb)
res = p(41) # calling an 'int(*)(int)', i.e. a function pointer
assert res == 42 and type(res) is int
res = p(ffi.cast("int", -41))
assert res == -40 and type(res) is int
assert repr(p).startswith(
"<cdata 'int(*)(int)' calling <function cb at 0x")
assert ffi.typeof(p) is ffi.typeof("int(*)(int)")
q = ffi.new("int(**)(int)", p)
assert repr(q) == "<cdata 'int(* *)(int)' owning %d bytes>" % (
SIZE_OF_PTR)
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
q(43)
res = q[0](43)
assert res == 44
q = ffi.cast("int(*)(int)", p)
assert repr(q).startswith("<cdata 'int(*)(int)' 0x")
res = q(45)
assert res == 46
def test_functionptr_advanced(self):
t = ffi.typeof("int(*(*)(int))(int)")
assert repr(t) == "<ctype '%s'>" % "int(*(*)(int))(int)"
def test_functionptr_voidptr_return(self):
def cb():
return ffi.NULL
p = ffi.callback("void*(*)()", cb)
res = p()
assert res is not None
assert res == ffi.NULL
int_ptr = ffi.new('int*')
void_ptr = ffi.cast('void*', int_ptr)
def cb():
return void_ptr
p = ffi.callback("void*(*)()", cb)
res = p()
assert res == void_ptr
def test_functionptr_intptr_return(self):
def cb():
return ffi.NULL
p = ffi.callback("int*(*)()", cb)
res = p()
assert res == ffi.NULL
int_ptr = ffi.new('int*')
def cb():
return int_ptr
p = ffi.callback("int*(*)()", cb)
res = p()
assert repr(res).startswith("<cdata 'int *' 0x")
assert res == int_ptr
int_array_ptr = ffi.new('int[1]')
def cb():
return int_array_ptr
p = ffi.callback("int*(*)()", cb)
res = p()
assert repr(res).startswith("<cdata 'int *' 0x")
assert res == int_array_ptr
def test_functionptr_void_return(self):
def foo():
pass
foo_cb = ffi.callback("void foo()", foo)
result = foo_cb()
assert result is None
def test_char_cast(self):
p = ffi.cast("int", b'\x01')
assert ffi.typeof(p) is ffi.typeof("int")
assert int(p) == 1
p = ffi.cast("int", ffi.cast("char", b"a"))
assert int(p) == ord("a")
p = ffi.cast("int", ffi.cast("char", b"\x80"))
assert int(p) == 0x80 # "char" is considered unsigned in this case
p = ffi.cast("int", b"\x81")
assert int(p) == 0x81
def test_wchar_cast(self):
self.check_wchar_t(ffi)
p = ffi.cast("int", ffi.cast("wchar_t", u+'\u1234'))
assert int(p) == 0x1234
p = ffi.cast("long long", ffi.cast("wchar_t", -1))
if SIZE_OF_WCHAR == 2: # 2 bytes, unsigned
assert int(p) == 0xffff
elif (sys.platform.startswith('linux') and
platform.machine().startswith('x86')): # known to be signed
assert int(p) == -1
else: # in general, it can be either signed or not
assert int(p) in [-1, 0xffffffff] # e.g. on arm, both cases occur
p = ffi.cast("int", u+'\u1234')
assert int(p) == 0x1234
def test_cast_array_to_charp(self):
a = ffi.new("short int[]", [0x1234, 0x5678])
p = ffi.cast("char*", a)
data = b''.join([p[i] for i in range(4)])
if sys.byteorder == 'little':
assert data == b'\x34\x12\x78\x56'
else:
assert data == b'\x12\x34\x56\x78'
def test_cast_between_pointers(self):
a = ffi.new("short int[]", [0x1234, 0x5678])
p = ffi.cast("short*", a)
p2 = ffi.cast("int*", p)
q = ffi.cast("char*", p2)
data = b''.join([q[i] for i in range(4)])
if sys.byteorder == 'little':
assert data == b'\x34\x12\x78\x56'
else:
assert data == b'\x12\x34\x56\x78'
def test_cast_pointer_and_int(self):
a = ffi.new("short int[]", [0x1234, 0x5678])
l1 = ffi.cast("intptr_t", a)
p = ffi.cast("short*", a)
l2 = ffi.cast("intptr_t", p)
assert int(l1) == int(l2) != 0
q = ffi.cast("short*", l1)
assert q == ffi.cast("short*", int(l1))
assert q[0] == 0x1234
assert int(ffi.cast("intptr_t", ffi.NULL)) == 0
def test_cast_functionptr_and_int(self):
def cb(n):
return n + 1
a = ffi.callback("int(*)(int)", cb)
p = ffi.cast("void *", a)
assert p
b = ffi.cast("int(*)(int)", p)
assert b(41) == 42
assert a == b
assert hash(a) == hash(b)
def test_callback_crash(self):
def cb(n):
raise Exception
a = ffi.callback("int(*)(int)", cb, error=42)
res = a(1) # and the error reported to stderr
assert res == 42
def test_structptr_argument(self):
def cb(p):
return p[0].a * 1000 + p[0].b * 100 + p[1].a * 10 + p[1].b
a = ffi.callback("int(*)(struct ab[])", cb)
res = a([[5, 6], {'a': 7, 'b': 8}])
assert res == 5678
res = a([[5], {'b': 8}])
assert res == 5008
def test_array_argument_as_list(self):
seen = []
def cb(argv):
seen.append(ffi.string(argv[0]))
seen.append(ffi.string(argv[1]))
a = ffi.callback("void(*)(char *[])", cb)
a([ffi.new("char[]", b"foobar"), ffi.new("char[]", b"baz")])
assert seen == [b"foobar", b"baz"]
def test_cast_float(self):
a = ffi.cast("float", 12)
assert float(a) == 12.0
a = ffi.cast("float", 12.5)
assert float(a) == 12.5
a = ffi.cast("float", b"A")
assert float(a) == ord("A")
a = ffi.cast("int", 12.9)
assert int(a) == 12
a = ffi.cast("char", 66.9 + 256)
assert ffi.string(a) == b"B"
#
a = ffi.cast("float", ffi.cast("int", 12))
assert float(a) == 12.0
a = ffi.cast("float", ffi.cast("double", 12.5))
assert float(a) == 12.5
a = ffi.cast("float", ffi.cast("char", b"A"))
assert float(a) == ord("A")
a = ffi.cast("int", ffi.cast("double", 12.9))
assert int(a) == 12
a = ffi.cast("char", ffi.cast("double", 66.9 + 256))
assert ffi.string(a) == b"B"
def test_enum(self):
# enum foq { A0, B0, CC0, D0 };
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum foq", 0)) == "cffiA0"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum foq", 2)) == "cffiCC0"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum foq", 3)) == "cffiD0"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum foq", 4)) == "4"
# enum bar { A1, B1=-2, CC1, D1, E1 };
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum bar", 0)) == "A1"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum bar", -2)) == "B1"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum bar", -1)) == "CC1"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum bar", 1)) == "E1"
assert ffi.cast("enum bar", -2) == ffi.cast("enum bar", -2)
assert ffi.cast("enum foq", 0) == ffi.cast("enum bar", 0)
assert ffi.cast("enum bar", 0) == ffi.cast("int", 0)
assert repr(ffi.cast("enum bar", -1)) == "<cdata 'enum bar' -1: CC1>"
assert repr(ffi.cast("enum foq", -1)) == ( # enums are unsigned, if
"<cdata 'enum foq' 4294967295>") or ( # they contain no neg value
sys.platform == "win32") # (but not on msvc)
# enum baz { A2=0x1000, B2=0x2000 };
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum baz", 0x1000)) == "A2"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum baz", 0x2000)) == "B2"
def test_enum_in_struct(self):
# enum foo2 { A3, B3, C3, D3 };
# struct bar_with_e { enum foo2 e; };
s = ffi.new("struct bar_with_e *")
s.e = 0
assert s.e == 0
s.e = 3
assert s.e == 3
assert s[0].e == 3
s[0].e = 2
assert s.e == 2
assert s[0].e == 2
s.e = ffi.cast("enum foo2", -1)
assert s.e in (4294967295, -1) # two choices
assert s[0].e in (4294967295, -1)
s.e = s.e
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
s.e = 'B3'
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
s.e = '2'
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
s.e = '#2'
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
s.e = '#7'
def test_enum_non_contiguous(self):
# enum noncont { A4, B4=42, C4 };
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum noncont", 0)) == "A4"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum noncont", 42)) == "B4"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum noncont", 43)) == "C4"
invalid_value = ffi.cast("enum noncont", 2)
assert int(invalid_value) == 2
assert ffi.string(invalid_value) == "2"
def test_enum_char_hex_oct(self):
# enum etypes {A5='!', B5='\'', C5=0x10, D5=010, E5=- 0x10, F5=-010};
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum etypes", ord('!'))) == "A5"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum etypes", ord("'"))) == "B5"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum etypes", 16)) == "C5"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum etypes", 8)) == "D5"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum etypes", -16)) == "E5"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum etypes", -8)) == "F5"
def test_array_of_struct(self):
s = ffi.new("struct ab[1]")
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
s.b
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
s.b = 412
s[0].b = 412
assert s[0].b == 412
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
s[1]
def test_pointer_to_array(self):
p = ffi.new("int(**)[5]")
assert repr(p) == "<cdata 'int(* *)[5]' owning %d bytes>" % SIZE_OF_PTR
def test_iterate_array(self):
a = ffi.new("char[]", b"hello")
assert list(a) == [b"h", b"e", b"l", b"l", b"o", b"\0"]
assert list(iter(a)) == [b"h", b"e", b"l", b"l", b"o", b"\0"]
#
py.test.raises(TypeError, iter, ffi.cast("char *", a))
py.test.raises(TypeError, list, ffi.cast("char *", a))
py.test.raises(TypeError, iter, ffi.new("int *"))
py.test.raises(TypeError, list, ffi.new("int *"))
def test_offsetof(self):
# struct abc { int a, b, c; };
assert ffi.offsetof("struct abc", "a") == 0
assert ffi.offsetof("struct abc", "b") == 4
assert ffi.offsetof("struct abc", "c") == 8
def test_offsetof_nested(self):
# struct nesting { struct abc d, e; };
assert ffi.offsetof("struct nesting", "e") == 12
py.test.raises(KeyError, ffi.offsetof, "struct nesting", "e.a")
assert ffi.offsetof("struct nesting", "e", "a") == 12
assert ffi.offsetof("struct nesting", "e", "b") == 16
assert ffi.offsetof("struct nesting", "e", "c") == 20
def test_offsetof_array(self):
assert ffi.offsetof("int[]", 51) == 51 * ffi.sizeof("int")
assert ffi.offsetof("int *", 51) == 51 * ffi.sizeof("int")
# struct array2 { int a, b; int c[99]; };
assert ffi.offsetof("struct array2", "c") == 2 * ffi.sizeof("int")
assert ffi.offsetof("struct array2", "c", 0) == 2 * ffi.sizeof("int")
assert ffi.offsetof("struct array2", "c", 51) == 53 * ffi.sizeof("int")
def test_alignof(self):
# struct align { char a; short b; char c; };
assert ffi.alignof("int") == 4
assert ffi.alignof("double") in (4, 8)
assert ffi.alignof("struct align") == 2
def test_bitfield(self):
# struct bitfield { int a:10, b:20, c:3; };
assert ffi.sizeof("struct bitfield") == 8
s = ffi.new("struct bitfield *")
s.a = 511
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
s.a = 512
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
s[0].a = 512
assert s.a == 511
s.a = -512
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
s.a = -513
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
s[0].a = -513
assert s.a == -512
s.c = 3
assert s.c == 3
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
s.c = 4
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
s[0].c = 4
s.c = -4
assert s.c == -4
def test_bitfield_enum(self):
# typedef enum { AA1, BB1, CC1 } foo_e_t;
# typedef struct { foo_e_t f:2; } bfenum_t;
if sys.platform == "win32":
py.test.skip("enums are not unsigned")
s = ffi.new("bfenum_t *")
s.f = 2
assert s.f == 2
def test_anonymous_struct(self):
# typedef struct { int a; } anon_foo_t;
# typedef struct { char b, c; } anon_bar_t;
f = ffi.new("anon_foo_t *", [12345])
b = ffi.new("anon_bar_t *", [b"B", b"C"])
assert f.a == 12345
assert b.b == b"B"
assert b.c == b"C"
assert repr(b).startswith("<cdata 'anon_bar_t *'")
def test_struct_with_two_usages(self):
# typedef struct named_foo_s { int a; } named_foo_t, *named_foo_p;
# typedef struct { int a; } unnamed_foo_t, *unnamed_foo_p;
f = ffi.new("named_foo_t *", [12345])
ps = ffi.new("named_foo_p[]", [f])
f = ffi.new("unnamed_foo_t *", [12345])
ps = ffi.new("unnamed_foo_p[]", [f])
def test_pointer_arithmetic(self):
s = ffi.new("short[]", list(range(100, 110)))
p = ffi.cast("short *", s)
assert p[2] == 102
assert p+1 == p+1
assert p+1 != p+0
assert p == p+0 == p-0
assert (p+1)[0] == 101
assert (p+19)[-10] == 109
assert (p+5) - (p+1) == 4
assert p == s+0
assert p+1 == s+1
def test_pointer_comparison(self):
s = ffi.new("short[]", list(range(100)))
p = ffi.cast("short *", s)
assert (p < s) is False
assert (p <= s) is True
assert (p == s) is True
assert (p != s) is False
assert (p > s) is False
assert (p >= s) is True
assert (s < p) is False
assert (s <= p) is True
assert (s == p) is True
assert (s != p) is False
assert (s > p) is False
assert (s >= p) is True
q = p + 1
assert (q < s) is False
assert (q <= s) is False
assert (q == s) is False
assert (q != s) is True
assert (q > s) is True
assert (q >= s) is True
assert (s < q) is True
assert (s <= q) is True
assert (s == q) is False
assert (s != q) is True
assert (s > q) is False
assert (s >= q) is False
assert (q < p) is False
assert (q <= p) is False
assert (q == p) is False
assert (q != p) is True
assert (q > p) is True
assert (q >= p) is True
assert (p < q) is True
assert (p <= q) is True
assert (p == q) is False
assert (p != q) is True
assert (p > q) is False
assert (p >= q) is False
#
assert (None == s) is False
assert (None != s) is True
assert (s == None) is False
assert (s != None) is True
assert (None == q) is False
assert (None != q) is True
assert (q == None) is False
assert (q != None) is True
def test_integer_comparison(self):
x = ffi.cast("int", 123)
y = ffi.cast("int", 456)
assert x < y
#
z = ffi.cast("double", 78.9)
assert x > z
assert y > z
def test_ffi_buffer_ptr(self):
a = ffi.new("short *", 100)
try:
b = ffi.buffer(a)
except NotImplementedError as e:
py.test.skip(str(e))
content = b[:]
assert len(content) == len(b) == 2
if sys.byteorder == 'little':
assert content == b'\x64\x00'
assert b[0] == b'\x64'
b[0] = b'\x65'
else:
assert content == b'\x00\x64'
assert b[1] == b'\x64'
b[1] = b'\x65'
assert a[0] == 101
def test_ffi_buffer_array(self):
a = ffi.new("int[]", list(range(100, 110)))
try:
b = ffi.buffer(a)
except NotImplementedError as e:
py.test.skip(str(e))
content = b[:]
if sys.byteorder == 'little':
assert content.startswith(b'\x64\x00\x00\x00\x65\x00\x00\x00')
b[4] = b'\x45'
else:
assert content.startswith(b'\x00\x00\x00\x64\x00\x00\x00\x65')
b[7] = b'\x45'
assert len(content) == 4 * 10
assert a[1] == 0x45
def test_ffi_buffer_ptr_size(self):
a = ffi.new("short *", 0x4243)
try:
b = ffi.buffer(a, 1)
except NotImplementedError as e:
py.test.skip(str(e))
content = b[:]
assert len(content) == 1
if sys.byteorder == 'little':
assert content == b'\x43'
b[0] = b'\x62'
assert a[0] == 0x4262
else:
assert content == b'\x42'
b[0] = b'\x63'
assert a[0] == 0x6343
def test_ffi_buffer_array_size(self):
a1 = ffi.new("int[]", list(range(100, 110)))
a2 = ffi.new("int[]", list(range(100, 115)))
try:
ffi.buffer(a1)
except NotImplementedError as e:
py.test.skip(str(e))
assert ffi.buffer(a1)[:] == ffi.buffer(a2, 4*10)[:]
def test_ffi_buffer_with_file(self):
import tempfile, os, array
fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
f = os.fdopen(fd, 'r+b')
a = ffi.new("int[]", list(range(1005)))
try:
ffi.buffer(a, 512)
except NotImplementedError as e:
py.test.skip(str(e))
f.write(ffi.buffer(a, 1000 * ffi.sizeof("int")))
f.seek(0)
assert f.read() == arraytostring(array.array('i', range(1000)))
f.seek(0)
b = ffi.new("int[]", 1005)
f.readinto(ffi.buffer(b, 1000 * ffi.sizeof("int")))
assert list(a)[:1000] + [0] * (len(a)-1000) == list(b)
f.close()
os.unlink(filename)
def test_ffi_buffer_with_io(self):
import io, array
f = io.BytesIO()
a = ffi.new("int[]", list(range(1005)))
try:
ffi.buffer(a, 512)
except NotImplementedError as e:
py.test.skip(str(e))
f.write(ffi.buffer(a, 1000 * ffi.sizeof("int")))
f.seek(0)
assert f.read() == arraytostring(array.array('i', range(1000)))
f.seek(0)
b = ffi.new("int[]", 1005)
f.readinto(ffi.buffer(b, 1000 * ffi.sizeof("int")))
assert list(a)[:1000] + [0] * (len(a)-1000) == list(b)
f.close()
def test_array_in_struct(self):
# struct array { int a[2]; char b[3]; };
p = ffi.new("struct array *")
p.a[1] = 5
assert p.a[1] == 5
assert repr(p.a).startswith("<cdata 'int[2]' 0x")
def test_struct_containing_array_varsize_workaround(self):
if sys.platform == "win32":
py.test.skip("array of length 0 not supported")
# struct array0 { int len; short data[0]; };
p = ffi.new("char[]", ffi.sizeof("struct array0") + 7 * SIZE_OF_SHORT)
q = ffi.cast("struct array0 *", p)
assert q.len == 0
# 'q.data' gets not a 'short[0]', but just a 'short *' instead
assert repr(q.data).startswith("<cdata 'short *' 0x")
assert q.data[6] == 0
q.data[6] = 15
assert q.data[6] == 15
def test_new_struct_containing_array_varsize(self):
py.test.skip("later?")
ffi.cdef("struct foo_s { int len; short data[]; };")
p = ffi.new("struct foo_s *", 10) # a single integer is the length
assert p.len == 0
assert p.data[9] == 0
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
p.data[10]
def test_ffi_typeof_getcname(self):
assert ffi.getctype("int") == "int"
assert ffi.getctype("int", 'x') == "int x"
assert ffi.getctype("int*") == "int *"
assert ffi.getctype("int*", '') == "int *"
assert ffi.getctype("int*", 'x') == "int * x"
assert ffi.getctype("int", '*') == "int *"
assert ffi.getctype("int", ' * x ') == "int * x"
assert ffi.getctype(ffi.typeof("int*"), '*') == "int * *"
assert ffi.getctype("int", '[5]') == "int[5]"
assert ffi.getctype("int[5]", '[6]') == "int[6][5]"
assert ffi.getctype("int[5]", '(*)') == "int(*)[5]"
# special-case for convenience: automatically put '()' around '*'
assert ffi.getctype("int[5]", '*') == "int(*)[5]"
assert ffi.getctype("int[5]", '*foo') == "int(*foo)[5]"
assert ffi.getctype("int[5]", ' ** foo ') == "int(** foo)[5]"
def test_array_of_func_ptr(self):
f = ffi.cast("int(*)(int)", 42)
assert f != ffi.NULL
py.test.raises(ffi.error, ffi.cast, "int(int)", 42)
py.test.raises(ffi.error, ffi.new, "int([5])(int)")
a = ffi.new("int(*[5])(int)", [f])
assert ffi.getctype(ffi.typeof(a)) == "int(*[5])(int)"
assert len(a) == 5
assert a[0] == f
assert a[1] == ffi.NULL
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.cast, "int(*)(int)[5]", 0)
#
def cb(n):
return n + 1
f = ffi.callback("int(*)(int)", cb)
a = ffi.new("int(*[5])(int)", [f, f])
assert a[1](42) == 43
def test_callback_as_function_argument(self):
# In C, function arguments can be declared with a function type,
# which is automatically replaced with the ptr-to-function type.
def cb(a, b):
return chr(ord(a) + ord(b)).encode()
f = ffi.callback("char cb(char, char)", cb)
assert f(b'A', b'\x01') == b'B'
def g(callback):
return callback(b'A', b'\x01')
g = ffi.callback("char g(char cb(char, char))", g)
assert g(f) == b'B'
def test_vararg_callback(self):
py.test.skip("callback with '...'")
def cb(i, va_list):
j = ffi.va_arg(va_list, "int")
k = ffi.va_arg(va_list, "long long")
return i * 2 + j * 3 + k * 5
f = ffi.callback("long long cb(long i, ...)", cb)
res = f(10, ffi.cast("int", 100), ffi.cast("long long", 1000))
assert res == 20 + 300 + 5000
def test_callback_decorator(self):
#
@ffi.callback("long(long, long)", error=42)
def cb(a, b):
return a - b
#
assert cb(-100, -10) == -90
sz = ffi.sizeof("long")
assert cb((1 << (sz*8-1)) - 1, -10) == 42
def test_anonymous_enum(self):
# typedef enum { Value0 = 0 } e_t, *pe_t;
assert ffi.getctype("e_t*") == 'e_t *'
assert ffi.getctype("pe_t") == 'e_t *'
assert ffi.getctype("foo_e_t*") == 'foo_e_t *'
def test_new_ctype(self):
p = ffi.new("int *")
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.new, p)
p = ffi.new(ffi.typeof("int *"), 42)
assert p[0] == 42
def test_enum_with_non_injective_mapping(self):
# enum e_noninj { AA3=0, BB3=0, CC3=0, DD3=0 };
e = ffi.cast("enum e_noninj", 0)
assert ffi.string(e) == "AA3" # pick the first one arbitrarily
def test_enum_refer_previous_enum_value(self):
# enum e_prev { AA4, BB4=2, CC4=4, DD4=BB4, EE4, FF4=CC4, GG4=FF4 };
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum e_prev", 2)) == "BB4"
assert ffi.string(ffi.cast("enum e_prev", 3)) == "EE4"
assert ffi.sizeof("char[DD4]") == 2
assert ffi.sizeof("char[EE4]") == 3
assert ffi.sizeof("char[FF4]") == 4
assert ffi.sizeof("char[GG4]") == 4
def test_nested_anonymous_struct(self):
# struct nested_anon {
# struct { int a, b; };
# union { int c, d; };
# };
assert ffi.sizeof("struct nested_anon") == 3 * SIZE_OF_INT
p = ffi.new("struct nested_anon *", [1, 2, 3])
assert p.a == 1
assert p.b == 2
assert p.c == 3
assert p.d == 3
p.d = 17
assert p.c == 17
p.b = 19
assert p.a == 1
assert p.b == 19
assert p.c == 17
assert p.d == 17
p = ffi.new("struct nested_anon *", {'b': 12, 'd': 14})
assert p.a == 0
assert p.b == 12
assert p.c == 14
assert p.d == 14
def test_nested_field_offset_align(self):
# struct nested_field_ofs_s {
# struct { int a; char b; };
# union { char c; };
# };
assert ffi.offsetof("struct nested_field_ofs_s", "c") == 2 * SIZE_OF_INT
assert ffi.sizeof("struct nested_field_ofs_s") == 3 * SIZE_OF_INT
def test_nested_anonymous_union(self):
# union nested_anon_u {
# struct { int a, b; };
# union { int c, d; };
# };
assert ffi.sizeof("union nested_anon_u") == 2 * SIZE_OF_INT
p = ffi.new("union nested_anon_u *", [5])
assert p.a == 5
assert p.b == 0
assert p.c == 5
assert p.d == 5
p.d = 17
assert p.c == 17
assert p.a == 17
p.b = 19
assert p.a == 17
assert p.b == 19
assert p.c == 17
assert p.d == 17
p = ffi.new("union nested_anon_u *", {'d': 14})
assert p.a == 14
assert p.b == 0
assert p.c == 14
assert p.d == 14
p = ffi.new("union nested_anon_u *", {'b': 12})
assert p.a == 0
assert p.b == 12
assert p.c == 0
assert p.d == 0
# we cannot specify several items in the dict, even though
# in theory in this particular case it would make sense
# to give both 'a' and 'b'
def test_cast_to_array_type(self):
p = ffi.new("int[4]", [-5])
q = ffi.cast("int[3]", p)
assert q[0] == -5
assert repr(q).startswith("<cdata 'int[3]' 0x")
def test_gc(self):
p = ffi.new("int *", 123)
seen = []
def destructor(p1):
assert p1 is p
assert p1[0] == 123
seen.append(1)
q = ffi.gc(p, destructor=destructor)
import gc; gc.collect()
assert seen == []
del q
import gc; gc.collect(); gc.collect(); gc.collect()
assert seen == [1]
def test_gc_2(self):
p = ffi.new("int *", 123)
seen = []
q1 = ffi.gc(p, lambda p: seen.append(1))
q2 = ffi.gc(q1, lambda p: seen.append(2))
import gc; gc.collect()
assert seen == []
del q1, q2
import gc; gc.collect(); gc.collect(); gc.collect(); gc.collect()
assert seen == [2, 1]
def test_gc_3(self):
p = ffi.new("int *", 123)
r = ffi.new("int *", 123)
seen = []
seen_r = []
q1 = ffi.gc(p, lambda p: seen.append(1))
s1 = ffi.gc(r, lambda r: seen_r.append(4))
q2 = ffi.gc(q1, lambda p: seen.append(2))
s2 = ffi.gc(s1, lambda r: seen_r.append(5))
q3 = ffi.gc(q2, lambda p: seen.append(3))
import gc; gc.collect()
assert seen == []
assert seen_r == []
del q1, q2, q3, s2, s1
import gc; gc.collect(); gc.collect(); gc.collect(); gc.collect()
assert seen == [3, 2, 1]
assert seen_r == [5, 4]
def test_gc_4(self):
p = ffi.new("int *", 123)
seen = []
q1 = ffi.gc(p, lambda p: seen.append(1))
q2 = ffi.gc(q1, lambda p: seen.append(2))
q3 = ffi.gc(q2, lambda p: seen.append(3))
import gc; gc.collect()
assert seen == []
del q1, q3 # q2 remains, and has a hard ref to q1
import gc; gc.collect(); gc.collect(); gc.collect()
assert seen == [3]
def test_release(self):
p = ffi.new("int[]", 123)
ffi.release(p)
# here, reading p[0] might give garbage or segfault...
ffi.release(p) # no effect
def test_release_new_allocator(self):
seen = []
def myalloc(size):
seen.append(size)
return ffi.new("char[]", b"X" * size)
def myfree(raw):
seen.append(raw)
alloc2 = ffi.new_allocator(alloc=myalloc, free=myfree)
p = alloc2("int[]", 15)
assert seen == [15 * 4]
ffi.release(p)
assert seen == [15 * 4, p]
ffi.release(p) # no effect
assert seen == [15 * 4, p]
#
del seen[:]
p = alloc2("struct ab *")
assert seen == [2 * 4]
ffi.release(p)
assert seen == [2 * 4, p]
ffi.release(p) # no effect
assert seen == [2 * 4, p]
def test_CData_CType(self):
assert isinstance(ffi.cast("int", 0), ffi.CData)
assert isinstance(ffi.new("int *"), ffi.CData)
assert not isinstance(ffi.typeof("int"), ffi.CData)
assert not isinstance(ffi.cast("int", 0), ffi.CType)
assert not isinstance(ffi.new("int *"), ffi.CType)
def test_CData_CType_2(self):
assert isinstance(ffi.typeof("int"), ffi.CType)
def test_bool(self):
assert int(ffi.cast("_Bool", 0.1)) == 1
assert int(ffi.cast("_Bool", -0.0)) == 0
assert int(ffi.cast("_Bool", b'\x02')) == 1
assert int(ffi.cast("_Bool", b'\x00')) == 0
assert int(ffi.cast("_Bool", b'\x80')) == 1
assert ffi.new("_Bool *", False)[0] == 0
assert ffi.new("_Bool *", 1)[0] == 1
py.test.raises(OverflowError, ffi.new, "_Bool *", 2)
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.string, ffi.cast("_Bool", 2))
def test_addressof(self):
p = ffi.new("struct ab *")
a = ffi.addressof(p[0])
assert repr(a).startswith("<cdata 'struct ab *' 0x")
assert a == p
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.addressof, p)
py.test.raises((AttributeError, TypeError), ffi.addressof, 5)
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.addressof, ffi.cast("int", 5))
def test_addressof_field(self):
p = ffi.new("struct ab *")
b = ffi.addressof(p[0], 'b')
assert repr(b).startswith("<cdata 'int *' 0x")
assert int(ffi.cast("uintptr_t", b)) == (
int(ffi.cast("uintptr_t", p)) + ffi.sizeof("int"))
assert b == ffi.addressof(p, 'b')
assert b != ffi.addressof(p, 'a')
def test_addressof_field_nested(self):
# struct nesting { struct abc d, e; };
p = ffi.new("struct nesting *")
py.test.raises(KeyError, ffi.addressof, p[0], 'e.b')
a = ffi.addressof(p[0], 'e', 'b')
assert int(ffi.cast("uintptr_t", a)) == (
int(ffi.cast("uintptr_t", p)) +
ffi.sizeof("struct abc") + ffi.sizeof("int"))
def test_addressof_anonymous_struct(self):
# typedef struct { int a; } anon_foo_t;
p = ffi.new("anon_foo_t *")
a = ffi.addressof(p[0])
assert a == p
def test_addressof_array(self):
p = ffi.new("int[52]")
p0 = ffi.addressof(p)
assert p0 == p
assert ffi.typeof(p0) is ffi.typeof("int(*)[52]")
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.addressof, p0)
#
p1 = ffi.addressof(p, 25)
assert ffi.typeof(p1) is ffi.typeof("int *")
assert (p1 - p) == 25
assert ffi.addressof(p, 0) == p
def test_addressof_pointer(self):
array = ffi.new("int[50]")
p = ffi.cast("int *", array)
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.addressof, p)
assert ffi.addressof(p, 0) == p
assert ffi.addressof(p, 25) == p + 25
assert ffi.typeof(ffi.addressof(p, 25)) == ffi.typeof(p)
#
array = ffi.new("struct ab[50]")
p = ffi.cast("int *", array)
py.test.raises(TypeError, ffi.addressof, p)
assert ffi.addressof(p, 0) == p
assert ffi.addressof(p, 25) == p + 25
assert ffi.typeof(ffi.addressof(p, 25)) == ffi.typeof(p)
def test_addressof_array_in_struct(self):
# struct abc50 { int a, b; int c[50]; };
p = ffi.new("struct abc50 *")
p1 = ffi.addressof(p, "c", 25)
assert ffi.typeof(p1) is ffi.typeof("int *")
assert p1 == ffi.cast("int *", p) + 27
assert ffi.addressof(p, "c") == ffi.cast("int *", p) + 2
assert ffi.addressof(p, "c", 0) == ffi.cast("int *", p) + 2
p2 = ffi.addressof(p, 1)
assert ffi.typeof(p2) is ffi.typeof("struct abc50 *")
assert p2 == p + 1
def test_multiple_independent_structs(self):
CDEF2 = "struct ab { int x; };"
ffi2 = cffi.FFI(); ffi2.cdef(CDEF2)
outputfilename = recompile(ffi2, "test_multiple_independent_structs",
CDEF2, tmpdir=str(udir))
module = imp.load_dynamic("test_multiple_independent_structs",
outputfilename)
ffi1 = module.ffi
foo1 = ffi1.new("struct ab *", [10])
foo2 = ffi .new("struct ab *", [20, 30])
assert foo1.x == 10
assert foo2.a == 20
assert foo2.b == 30
def test_include_struct_union_enum_typedef(self):
ffi1, CCODE = construction_params
ffi2 = cffi.FFI()
ffi2.include(ffi1)
outputfilename = recompile(ffi2,
"test_include_struct_union_enum_typedef",
CCODE, tmpdir=str(udir))
module = imp.load_dynamic("test_include_struct_union_enum_typedef",
outputfilename)
ffi2 = module.ffi
#
p = ffi2.new("struct nonpacked *", [b'A', -43141])
assert p.a == b'A'
assert p.b == -43141
#
p = ffi.new("union simple_u *", [-52525])
assert p.a == -52525
#
p = ffi.cast("enum foq", 2)
assert ffi.string(p) == "cffiCC0"
assert ffi2.sizeof("char[cffiCC0]") == 2
#
p = ffi.new("anon_foo_t *", [-52526])
assert p.a == -52526
p = ffi.new("named_foo_p", [-52527])
assert p.a == -52527
def test_struct_packed(self):
# struct nonpacked { char a; int b; };
# struct is_packed { char a; int b; } __attribute__((packed));
assert ffi.sizeof("struct nonpacked") == 8
assert ffi.sizeof("struct is_packed") == 5
assert ffi.alignof("struct nonpacked") == 4
assert ffi.alignof("struct is_packed") == 1
s = ffi.new("struct is_packed[2]")
s[0].b = 42623381
s[0].a = b'X'
s[1].b = -4892220
s[1].a = b'Y'
assert s[0].b == 42623381
assert s[0].a == b'X'
assert s[1].b == -4892220
assert s[1].a == b'Y'
def test_not_supported_bitfield_in_result(self):
# struct ints_and_bitfield { int a,b,c,d,e; int x:1; };
e = py.test.raises(NotImplementedError, ffi.callback,
"struct ints_and_bitfield foo(void)", lambda: 42)
assert str(e.value) == ("struct ints_and_bitfield(*)(): "
"callback with unsupported argument or return type or with '...'")
def test_inspecttype(self):
assert ffi.typeof("long").kind == "primitive"
assert ffi.typeof("long(*)(long, long**, ...)").cname == (
"long(*)(long, long * *, ...)")
assert ffi.typeof("long(*)(long, long**, ...)").ellipsis is True
def test_new_handle(self):
o = [2, 3, 4]
p = ffi.new_handle(o)
assert ffi.typeof(p) == ffi.typeof("void *")
assert ffi.from_handle(p) is o
assert ffi.from_handle(ffi.cast("char *", p)) is o
py.test.raises(RuntimeError, ffi.from_handle, ffi.NULL)
def test_struct_array_no_length(self):
# struct array_no_length { int x; int a[]; };
p = ffi.new("struct array_no_length *", [100, [200, 300, 400]])
assert p.x == 100
assert ffi.typeof(p.a) is ffi.typeof("int[]") # length available
assert p.a[0] == 200
assert p.a[1] == 300
assert p.a[2] == 400
assert len(p.a) == 3
assert list(p.a) == [200, 300, 400]
q = ffi.cast("struct array_no_length *", p)
assert ffi.typeof(q.a) is ffi.typeof("int *") # no length available
assert q.a[0] == 200
assert q.a[1] == 300
assert q.a[2] == 400
py.test.raises(TypeError, len, q.a)
py.test.raises(TypeError, list, q.a)
def test_all_primitives(self):
assert set(PRIMITIVE_TO_INDEX) == set([
"char",
"short",
"int",
"long",
"long long",
"signed char",
"unsigned char",
"unsigned short",
"unsigned int",
"unsigned long",
"unsigned long long",
"float",
"double",
"long double",
"wchar_t",
"char16_t",
"char32_t",
"_Bool",
"int8_t",
"uint8_t",
"int16_t",
"uint16_t",
"int32_t",
"uint32_t",
"int64_t",
"uint64_t",
"int_least8_t",
"uint_least8_t",
"int_least16_t",
"uint_least16_t",
"int_least32_t",
"uint_least32_t",
"int_least64_t",
"uint_least64_t",
"int_fast8_t",
"uint_fast8_t",
"int_fast16_t",
"uint_fast16_t",
"int_fast32_t",
"uint_fast32_t",
"int_fast64_t",
"uint_fast64_t",
"intptr_t",
"uintptr_t",
"intmax_t",
"uintmax_t",
"ptrdiff_t",
"size_t",
"ssize_t",
'float _Complex',
'double _Complex',
])
for name in PRIMITIVE_TO_INDEX:
x = ffi.sizeof(name)
assert 1 <= x <= 16
def test_emit_c_code(self):
ffi = cffi.FFI()
ffi.set_source("foobar", "??")
c_file = str(udir.join('test_emit_c_code'))
ffi.emit_c_code(c_file)
assert os.path.isfile(c_file)
def test_import_from_lib(self):
ffi2 = cffi.FFI()
ffi2.cdef("int myfunc(int); extern int myvar;\n#define MYFOO ...\n")
outputfilename = recompile(ffi2, "_test_import_from_lib",
"int myfunc(int x) { return x + 1; }\n"
"int myvar = -5;\n"
"#define MYFOO 42", tmpdir=str(udir))
imp.load_dynamic("_test_import_from_lib", outputfilename)
from _test_import_from_lib.lib import myfunc, myvar, MYFOO
assert MYFOO == 42
assert myfunc(43) == 44
assert myvar == -5 # but can't be changed, so not very useful
with pytest.raises(ImportError):
from _test_import_from_lib.lib import bar
d = {}
exec("from _test_import_from_lib.lib import *", d)
assert (set(key for key in d if not key.startswith('_')) ==
set(['myfunc', 'MYFOO']))
#
# also test "import *" on the module itself, which should be
# equivalent to "import ffi, lib"
d = {}
exec("from _test_import_from_lib import *", d)
assert (sorted([x for x in d.keys() if not x.startswith('__')]) ==
['ffi', 'lib'])
def test_char16_t(self):
x = ffi.new("char16_t[]", 5)
assert len(x) == 5 and ffi.sizeof(x) == 10
x[2] = u+'\u1324'
assert x[2] == u+'\u1324'
y = ffi.new("char16_t[]", u+'\u1234\u5678')
assert len(y) == 3
assert list(y) == [u+'\u1234', u+'\u5678', u+'\x00']
assert ffi.string(y) == u+'\u1234\u5678'
z = ffi.new("char16_t[]", u+'\U00012345')
assert len(z) == 3
assert list(z) == [u+'\ud808', u+'\udf45', u+'\x00']
assert ffi.string(z) == u+'\U00012345'
def test_char32_t(self):
x = ffi.new("char32_t[]", 5)
assert len(x) == 5 and ffi.sizeof(x) == 20
x[3] = u+'\U00013245'
assert x[3] == u+'\U00013245'
y = ffi.new("char32_t[]", u+'\u1234\u5678')
assert len(y) == 3
assert list(y) == [u+'\u1234', u+'\u5678', u+'\x00']
z = ffi.new("char32_t[]", u+'\U00012345')
assert len(z) == 2
assert list(z) == [u+'\U00012345', u+'\x00'] # maybe a 2-unichars strin
assert ffi.string(z) == u+'\U00012345'